Huaca Pucllana, Peru

In 1967, Peruvians building and revitalizing the foundations of modern-day Lima made an extraordinary discovery: buried, ancient structures wholly unknown to history as they knew it.

By the 1980s, a full archeological team succeeded in bringing them to the surface. The structures turned out to be pyramids—deeply old pyramids. Archeologists dated the architectural remnants back almost two millennia ago, rare ruins built by a culture pre-dating both the Inca Empire and the Wari Kingdom. The unearthing revealed the greatest remaining structures of the Lima civilization: Huaca Pucllana.

Built, lost, and rediscovered across two millennia, today the Huaca Pucllana site draws over 100,000 visitors from across the globe each year.

Discover its secrets, its structures, and its history. Then, learn how to plan a trip to Huaca Pucllana for yourself—and what to do when you’re there—in this smart travel guide.

What Is Huaca Pucllana?

Huaca Pucllana is an ancient pyramid and its related structures in Miraflores, a district in Lima, Peru. It was first built in 200 A.D., and it was likely used for religious ceremonies and administration by those creators.

Today, the Huaca Pucllana archeological site includes the remaining structures and a museum housing and preserving artifacts from the pyramid.

Name Meaning

The site’s name stems from two Quechua words. “Huaca” (also spelled “wak’a”) is an adjective meaning “sacred” or “holy.” “Pucllay” and “pucllana” mean “game.” They can also mean “theatre space” or “game arena.” Thus, the words describe the first purpose of the structures identified by the archeologists. Huaca Pucllana was a place where sacred or ritual games (like combat sports) were played.

Quechua people are the descendants of the ancient Inca in modern Peru. Their language is closest to that of the indigenous creators of the site.

Structure, Sections & Architecture

The Huaca Pucllana pyramid and its structures are made of adobe, a type of quick-drying clay-sand brick known for its incredible durability. With the right soil and sand ratios, the ancient tablets functioned as effective insulators as well as stable foundations.

The builders laid the bricks in a staggered, bookshelf-like pattern, creating alternating vertical-horizontal layers. These brick shelves rose to form the pyramid’s walls, stairs, platforms, and accompanying structures, all positioned for strength and earthquake-resistance.

The Huaca Pucllana pyramid is 82 ft. (25 m.) tall, sectioned into 7 platforms. Some of the platforms were used as burial sites, and some of the the unusually-shaped tomb structures still remain. The site covers 37 acres in its entirety.

The pyramid isn’t hollow and can’t be entered. Instead, it functions as a central platform overlooking the plaza, multiple stone courtyards, and ceremonial structures at its base.

Who Built Huaca Pucllana?

The Huaca Pucllana was built by the Lima people, a culture predating the Inca civilization. Archeologists believe the Lima civilization built the Huaca Pucllana pyramids at some point in the 3rd or 4th centuries A.D.

During the 6th and 7th centuries, the Wari (or, Huari) civilization moved into the Lima region. The two cultures began a complex relationship. Over the course of generations, they ebbed and flowed between a mutually beneficial cultural exchange, and periods of conflict.

Eventually, in the earliest years of the 8th century, Lima civilization broke up. Periods of storms and droughts, crop damage, and, in some cases, threats of Wari attacks, led the Lima culture to fade away. Some Lima migrated, integrating into other cultures—including those whose descendants would be the Inca. Many others came to unknown ends.

By the mid-700s, the leaders of the new Wari Kingdome had taken over the Huaca Pucllana site. Their cultural practices, religious movements, and artworks made an impression on the site. While archeologists don’t know exactly how long the Huaca Pucllana pyramid remained in use by the Wari, evidence suggests it may have been used as an agricultural administration until a bit after 1000 A.D.

By 1100 A.D., though, the Wari had moved on from Huaca Pucllana, and the site was lost. Perhaps due to odd storm cycle of El Niño, the pyramid was buried and abandoned. It remained forgotten for the next 900 years.

Cultures of Huaca Pucllana: History & Importance

Both the Lima and Wari (Huari) civilizations’ stewardship affected the story of the Huaca Pucllana pyramid.

Lima (Original Creators)

The Lima civilization lived in the valleys of three rivers in Peru’s desert coastal strip. Their culture began around 100 A.D., and lasted for 5 or 6 centuries.

Much of Lima culture was lost to time. Most of what we know stems from their Huaca constructs (religious temples) and their intricate artistry and potterywork. The Maranga style is particularly iconic.

Archeologists and ancient historians believe the Lima likely engaged in ritual human sacrifices at the Huaca Pucllana pyramid. In the foundations of the seven platforms, the preserved remains of young women show telltale signs of sacrificial wounds.

Subsequently, the Wari may have also sacrificed people at the ritual site.

Wari (Changing Aesthetics)

As stewards of the site for two centuries, the Wari people expanded on it. They added to existing infrastructure, particularly adding dividing walls to section off portions of the area for living quarters.

The Wari were the first to use Huaca Pucllana as tombs. The dead were likely wealthy leaders or minor royalty. According to an account in Archeology Magazine, when the entombed sections of the site were opened, the archeologists found them, “filled with luxuries including finely woven textiles, and silver and gold artifacts.”

The textiles, in particular, are reminiscent of artifacts in previously uncovered burials of ancient Wari women. Artifacts include “bags made of woven wool and cotton filled with spindles and needle,” and weavings depicting “elaborate scenes and figures on textiles… made of cotton warps and camelid fiber wefts spun from llama, alpaca, and vicuña hair.”

Today, the delicate, preserved ancient Wari fabrics are on display in the Huaca Pucllana Museum.

Ychsma

After the Wari Kingdom began to decline, the Ychsma people used Huaca Pucllana for a little under a century. Unlike previous cultures, the Ychsma did not commit human sacrifice or burials at the site. Instead, they practiced a ritual sacrifice of large, artful pottery.

Some mummified Ychsma were also preserved in the pyramid platforms’ tombs.

Where Is Huaca Pucllana?

The street address of the Huaca Pucllana site and museum is:

Ca. Gral. Borgoño cdra. 8, Miraflores 15074, Peru

This means it’s located on the 8th block of Miraflores, on the road General Borgoño. The site is easy to walk to, or take a taxi to, from most places in Central Miraflores.

Miraflores is a district in the city of Lima, Peru. Lima is about 8 mi (13 km) from Peru’s Pacific Coast, in the valley of the Lurín and Rímac Rivers. It’s the nation’s capital.

How To Visit The Huaca Pucllana Ruins

Visiting Huaca Pucllana isn’t expensive, but it might take a bit of preparation.

Fees

Admission to Huaca Pucllana requires an inexpensive ticket for each individual. Ticket prices are:

• General Admission: PEN 7.00
• Professor & Student Admission: PEN 3.00
• Senior Citizen Admission: PEN 1.00
• Children Under 5: Free

Getting There

Miraflores is a fairly easy neighborhood to navigate. Visitors can comfortably walk or bike to Huaca Pucllana from most hostels and accomodations in the district.

Taxis can also drive travelers to the site in ten minutes or less.

Safe Travel Tips

Lima, Peru is a pretty safe destination overall. Follow the relevant guidelines from your country’s state department and health organizations to stay well while abroad.

The elevation of some of Peru’s cities can pose some risk to certain people. For more insights, The Smart Traveler’s Guide to Altitude In Peru offers useful information.

Climate & Seasonal Weather At The Lima Pyramid

The Lima pyramid experiences a temperate, humid climate in the dry season, with very little rainfall. From December through April, temperatures range from lows of 64-72°F (18-22°C) and highs of 75-84°F (24-29°C). While there’s occasionally morning fog, skies clear by midday, making for beautiful sunsets.

During the rainy season, from June through October, temperatures dip. The average lows range from 54-61°F (12-16°C), while highs fluctuate between 61-66°F (16-19°C). Skies are overcast, a drizzle of rain persists almost nonstop, and humidity creates a damp feeling.

Best Attractions & Experiences At Huaca Pucllana, Lima Peru

The Huaca Pucllana archeological site offers incredible sights, experiences, and attractions—making an adventure there worthwhile.

Huaca Pucllana Site Museum

Tours in both Spanish and English

https://huacapucllanamiraflores.pe

artifacts
ritual and ceremonial items
textiles

more artifacts collected in nearby Larco Museum - larger, detailed collection -private

Guided Tours

Guided tours take groups of guests around the site, talking about its history and architecture. Most tours are either 30-45 mins or 60-75 mins long.

The official Huaca Pucllana Site Tours are offered in
English, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Japanese.

In addition to exploring the grounds themselves, guided tours feature traditional livestock and agriculture practices dating back to the Lima era. The practices are preserved and improved upon to this day.

During daytime tours, visitors are allowed to climb and otherwise tangibly experience the pyramid and platforms.

Nighttime Exploration

The Huaca Pucllana offers “nocturnal hours” for exploration after dark. Visitors can do anything except climb the pyramid.

Those hours are Wed. - Sun. 7-10 PM.

At night, the Huaca Pucllana ruins are illuminated, the lights romantically, almost fantastically transforming the scene.

Restaurant Huaca Pucllana

This onsite restaurant wins praise and kudos from many guests. Foodies love the array of quality authentic and fusion Peruvian cuisine. Romantics enjoy the stunning panoramic view.

Explore Huaca Pucllana, Peru With Caravan

Enjoy the Huaca Pucllana pyramid without the travel-planning stress.

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If you want to learn more about our weeklong Tour of Peru and Machu Picchu, call us toll-free at 1-800-CARAVAN (227-2826). Book by phone with our toll-free number, or call 1 (312) 321-9800 for more information.